Below is the list of reference pages used to create this page. It's not pretty, but it's complete. My thanks to all the people who set up the pages below. Their work has helped give me an even greater understanding of the Linux kernel from the user's point of view. My hope is that translates to more Linux users who understand the kernel more, and fear it less.
http://fxr.watson.org/fxr/source/fs/Kconfig.binfmt?v=linux-2.6
http://cateee.net/lkddb/web-lkddb/CORE_DUMP_DEFAULT_ELF_HEADERS.html
http://lwn.net/Articles/364927/
http://cateee.net/lkddb/web-lkddb/BINFMT_AOUT.html
http://kernel.xc.net/html/linux-2.6.24/ia64/NET_KEY
http://www.gentoo-wiki.info/HOWTO_setup_a_home-server
http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/linux-decnet/index.php?title=FAQ1#what
http://kerneltrap.org/node/6256
http://timetobleed.com/2009/07/
http://wiki.kldp.org/KoreanDoc/html/Kernel-KLDP/specmpt.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I2O
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMBus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface_Bus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Purpose_Input/Output
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Wire
http://lwn.net/Articles/243521/
http://lwn.net/Articles/273465/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReiserFS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS
http://oss.oracle.com/projects/ocfs2/
http://www.unixguide.net/linux/faq/04.16.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_lock_manager
http://ldn.linuxfoundation.org/book/42-code-checking-tools
http://www.brunolinux.com/01-First_Things_To_Know/Skinny_Elephants.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_exclusion
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinlock
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5497476.html
http://lwn.net/Articles/262464/
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-kprobes.html
http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2365
http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~boutcher/kprobes/kprobes.txt.html
http://kgdb.linsyssoft.com/quickstart.htm
http://kerneltrap.org/Linux/Defaulting_To_4K_Stacks
http://lwn.net/Articles/286432/
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/10/22/security_report_windows_vs_linux
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-key-retention.html
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-posixcap.html
http://www.usenix.org/events/sec04/tech/sailer.html
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3610.html
http://www.vocal.com/cryptography/gcmgmac.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_encryption_theory
http://www.gnu.org/software/gnu-crypto/manual/api/gnu/crypto/mode/ECB.html
http://www.herongyang.com/crypto/des_encryption_operation_modes.html
http://dbeck.beckground.hu/rt0d4/html-docs-0.0.5/rx.html
http://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/hmac.html
http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=2176
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-aes-xcbc-mac-01#page-4
http://lwn.net/Articles/66994/
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1320
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA
http://www.kurtwerks.com/linuxwerks/kernel/crypto_Kconfig.html
http://www.networkworld.com/reviews/2004/1004wirelesstkip.html
http://www.w3.org/PICS/DSig/SHA1_1_0.html
http://www.webutils.pl/SHA1_Calculator
http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~biham/Reports/Tiger/
http://www.karljapetre.com/whirlpool/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES_instruction_set
http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-advanced-encryption-standard-aes-instructions-set/
http://www.larc.usp.br/~pbarreto/AnubisPage.html
http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~itsik/RC4/rc4.html
http://www.schneier.com/blowfish.html
http://info.isl.ntt.co.jp/crypt/eng/camellia/intro.html
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2144
http://www.quadibloc.com/crypto/co040410.htm
http://www.cryptosys.net/3des.html
http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4772.txt
http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1090698
http://www.openafs.org/pipermail/openafs-devel/2000-December/005320.html
http://www.larc.usp.br/~pbarreto/KhazadPage.html
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4269
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEED
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/serpent.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEFLATE
http://www.schneier.com/twofish.html
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1951
http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/lzodoc.php
http://www.logix.cz/michal/devel/padlock/
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/karmic/man4/padlock.4freebsd.html
http://www.twam.info/hardware/alix/using-geodes-aes-engine-on-alix3d3
http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page
http://www.intel.com/technology/virtualization/
http://ark.intel.com/VTList.aspx
http://sites.amd.com/us/business/it-solutions/virtualization/Pages/amd-v.aspx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_virtualization
http://wiki.libvirt.org/page/Virtio
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/CCITT.html
http://martinpetersen.sys-con.com/node/480659/mobile
And let us not forget the most constant and ready source of information about the kernel: kernel < Help >.
Cheers,
Pappy